All About Proposition, Variable and Concept

Ø  Concept

Fact or reality that is displayed in the form of CONCEPT, the first level of abstraction to the facts or reality. CONCEPT has not been able to measure because a new form of "conceptual definitions" that mention / identify reality. To be measured, divulging the concept must be modified in the form VARIABLE (meaning the concept has a variety of value). And to operationalize the measurement, based on the attributes that exist on the variables, each attribute is translated in operational definitions, namely "a series of procedures that must be taken to determine the empirical value of a concept.".

Ø  proposition

Concepts are terms and definitions used to describe the symptoms in the abstract, such as events, circumstances, groups. Researchers are expected to be able to formulate his thoughts into a clear concept in relation to the simplification of several issues related to each other.In the world of research known two senses of the concept, the first concept of a clear relation to the reality represented, eg, tables, cars, etc. The concept of an abstract of his relationship with reality is represented, for example: intelligence, kinship, etc. it.

Ø  Construct

concept created and used with intent and awareness for specific scientific purposes, or too construct is a concept that can be observed and measured. Measure abstract concepts and constructs that can be measured then it is called operationalization.

Ø  Proposition

Proposition is a logical relationship between two concepts. Example: in penilitian of population mobility, the proposition reads: "The migration process is determined by wage labor" (Harris and Todaro).In another sense proposition is a conceptual theoretical conclusions about the constellation of relationships between variables as a theoretical answer. Proposition is an expression or statement to be believed, denied or verifiable, the concepts or constructs that explain or predict phenomena. Propositions are formulated with a view to test the hypothesis empirically known.Proposition usefulness in Research Methodology.Proposition is an expression or statement to be believed, denied or verifiable, the concepts or constructs that explain or predict phenomena.

Ø  Theory

One definition of theory is a set of concepts, constructs, definitions, and propositions to explain a phenomenon in sisitematis by formulating relationships between concepts (Kerlinger, FN)

Study of Theory and Research Accomplished

v  The theory is important as an orientation that limits the number of facts to be learned.

v  The theory provides guidelines that can provide the best results.

v  The theory can be used to predict the facts.

v  The theory provides a system which should be used in interpreting the data correctly.

Three main thing in theory

v  Elements of the theory consists of constructs, concepts and propositions

v  Provide a systematic overview of the phenomenon through the relationship between variables.

v  The purpose of theory is to explain and predict natural phenomena.

The theory has several characteristics as follows,based on the theory :

v  First developed the theory of conceptual networks are then tested empirically. The validity of the substance lies in the early stages of the test model, ie whether the model works in accordance with the needs of researchers.

v  The second theory emphasizes the empirical approach to obtain a generalization. Inferences based on observation of reality over and over and develop statements that serve to describe and explain the existence of these statements.

v  The third theory says a theory is developed through continuous interaction between the conceptualization and empirical testing that follows.

So the theory can be viewed as the beginning of the process of scientific research. But the theory through the various stages. At the elementary form, the theory is the observation that no formal, elementary theory is transformed into a concept that can be measured (from conceptualization to operationalization). The theory is in mind scientists. This theory is in operation, not tested in the "mind", but in the real world (observation).

In Result :

Concept is the first level of abstraction to the facts or reality.

Construct (construct) is a concept created and used with intent and awareness for specific scientific purposes, or too construct is a concept that can be observed and measured.

Proposition is a logical relationship between two concepts. Example: observing of population mobility, it calls proposition: "the process of labor migration is determined by the wages" (Harris and Todaro).

THEORY, which is a systematic set of relationships between concepts so as to form a comprehensive series of relationships to describe, explain, and predict a social phenomenon.